Integration genom fysisk planering : Ungdomars inflytande i byggprocessen

Sammanfattning: We live in a time where the influence of citizens is taking a larger role in the spatial  planning. The Swedish laws, such as PBL, deals with matters of citizen participation  which advocates that the youth should be included in the consultation circuit, but there is  no directive given.   The report's purpose is to demonstrate methods for how to get the young people's  influence included in the spatial planning, with a main focus on the ages between 13 and  21. On the base of literature and two case studies, the goal is to illustrate how to integrate  young people through a meeting place in Jonkoping, Sweden.  The report is structured along with an analysis based on the literature, two case studies  from previous projects and discussions/interviews with young people from four selected  areas in Jonkoping.   The case studies from Malmo and Gothenburg show how the cooperation between  different participants can be organized during the planning and how to give the users a  greater involvement.  Based on literature and case studies, we carried out a field analysis of the four most  segregated areas of Jonkoping; Osterangen, Oxnehaga, Ekhagen and Raslatt. Young  people in these areas were interviewed, as a basis for a proposal for a new all-activity  center at the expended location of Kungsang School.  During this project, the following three issues were investigated:   In what need are young people of a meeting place in Jonkoping?   Our research has proved that there is no greater connection between the young people in  Jönköping, because the young people appear generally in their own neighborhoods.  Therefore, segregation patterns are created and there is a need for a common meeting  place, a place in the municipality of Jönköping would be of great value to promote  integration between young people.  What can an all-activity house contribute to in Jonkoping?  An all-activity house which is available for everyone would contribute to what young  people are missing, by being a meeting place for everyone in the municipality of  Jonkoping.  Based on literature studies we believe that an all-activity house will break the segregation  pattern and reduce the distinction between "us" and "them", which will result in a more  integrated environment. By involving young people from the beginning until the end of  the projects, their influence will increase and it will give a wider understanding of their  neighborhoods and needs. This should be done through meetings and open dialogues  between users and planners. To assessment the degree of influence, Arnstein’s step  model can be used. An all-activity house with a wide range of activities benefits the  participants’ health by making them active and enabling conditions for movement.  School activities are not sufficient for young people to fully develop competencies, such  as sport accomplishments, playing instruments and artistic abilities. To have an activity  benefiting a person's health, the requirements is to gradually develop the person's abilities  based on active learning, engage in various types of exercises and have clear goals. The  school's activities do not have this kind of structure and it is therefore important that  young people have the opportunity outside of school and in the very neighborhood.    How can you precede the work of involving the youth in the spatial planning?  In real practice, the young people’s influence is not included during the whole planning  stage, only in the very beginning. This is considered as manipulation. To fulfill the co-  degree of influence, it requires that young people are involved and enthused through the  implementing-, planning- and management stage. The best way to capture young people's  thoughts, ideas and experiences is to use methods such as recreational centers, mental-  maps, walking trips or internet communication.