Hantering av avvikelser och kassationer i svensk industri
Sammanfattning: Swedish industry has evolved into a highly skilled machine that has an output consisting of quality products that are in worldwide use today. The input that goes into this machine is generally of high quality, making most physical end products expensive pieces of engineering. An issue that needs to be addressed is how the industry handles products that fall out of specification and cannot be delivered to the end user [1]. Therefore four different Swedish production facilities are visited in order to collect industry data concerning the matter of scrap and deviations of products. A literature study is done concerning what might be expected in industry and the contemporary way of work in industry is compared to the literature. As this study finds a general rate between roughly one and three percent of products that fall out of specification after value-adding activities amongst visited companies, it is understood that the companies are interested in minimizing this figure even further if possible as scrap, deviation and rework reduction directly translates into cost savings [2]. The different companies have different ways of approaching the problem of scrap and deviations, with some similarities and differences usually arising due to differing product and customer traits. The main similarities were found to be that the companies implement known methods and philosophies in amounts considered reasonable by the companies themselves in order to reduce wastes. Furthermore, automation is of interest although this may be hard to implement in many situations where a human capacity cannot be matched. Use of statistics in production were found tobe in most cases targeted towards cost reductions and in the area of deviations and scrap reduction. Contrary to literature, the companies conduct mass inspections of the finished products in order to secure quality and functionality once the finished product is ready and delivered for use by the customer. This report concludes that Swedish industry is looking towards minimizing scrap and deviations, but does not have a clear path paved out. Based on the data and general information acquired from Swedish industry in this work, specialized solutions with a few general solution methods appear to be the current method of dealing with scrap and deviations as no one production facility is like another.
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