Social blandning genom differentierade hyresnivåer

Sammanfattning: All the larger cities in Sweden suffer of housing shortage and widespread segregation that many times contribute to increased social gaps between people. More innovative solutions that encourage urban development that promote integration by breaking segregation are therefore demanded. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the possibilities in Sweden to supply rental housing targeted to a separate income group together with market rate development with the hope of achieving a social mix in the area. The work has been carried out in the municipal housing company Framtidens premises in Gothenburg. A case study examines the criteria that need to be met to achieve a socio-economic mix. This to answer the questions whether a mix of tenure or rental levels are sufficient criteria or whether a further test of the tenant’s income is necessary. The second part includes an international perspective for answering the question which key factors are part of successful projects aimed at achieving a social mix through mixed housing. The countries studied are the United States and England, where the projects are called inclusionary housing. By mapping out the prevailing conditions in Sweden and the countries studied, the reason is laid down to answering the purpose of the paper. The main differences between the countries are the different housing markets. The United States and England have a divided rental market where social housing and market housing are separated while Sweden applies a unitary system, with no social housing, where rental levels are governed by the utility value and collective rental negotiations. In Sweden land allocation is identified as the tool the municipality can use to set the necessary requirements for developers. Due to the lack of data, the case study could not be used to answer the questions in a statistically satisfactory manner. However, there are still some reasons to believe that a test of the tenant's income is necessary to match the cheaper apartments with the intended target audience. In the meta-analysis, several important components have been identified in successful projects. These have been boiled down to include seven key factors that should be considered in projects aimed at achieving a social mix through a mixed housing. The conclusions drawn are that the municipality should apply land allocations that contain strong, well-balanced incentives with clear requirements from the authority where what is expected of the developer is stated. Common denominators for projects that fulfill the purpose of achieving a social mix have been mandatory requirements where the housing is allocated at the designated location. In order to protect public investment and ensure long-term affordability, legally binding documents that ensure this should be established. Strategies and organizations should also be developed for the initial and continuous work on the review and supervision of tenants.