Upphandlingsrättsliga sanktioner vid korruption - Uteslutning som medel för att stävja korruption

Sammanfattning: Corruption is an immense problem in our society and public procurement is a judicial area, which is especially vulnerable for corruption. Public procurement contains large amounts of money in organizations where the mass of employed in one or another way may be more tempted to accept some kind of remuneration or of pure ignorance contributes to corruption. It is not always easy to know where the line for the proper conduct is and the risk of getting exposed is relatively small. In the criminal law there are penalties for people who engage in corruption, but there are also sanctions for this kind of behavior in the procurement law and those are the main issues that the instant essay is concerned with. In the law of public procurement there is a certain sanction directed towards economic operators who have been found guilty of certain crimes or acted in an undesirable behavior. The sanction is exclusion from procurement, which is rather palpable. The rules of exclusion have the mean of letting contracting authorities only enter into agreements with reliable and serious operators and by this, also contradict unwanted behavior. There are both compulsory and optional exclusion grounds. Corruption is one of the crimes that lead to a compulsory exclusion, and derogations are only allowed on exceptional basis. There are numerous optional exclusion grounds and two of them are especially important when discussing the topic corruption: a conviction concerning the economic operators professional conduct and grave professional misconduct. Which form of action that falls in under these two exclusion grounds is fairly unclear, especially the ground for grave professional misconduct causes a variety of interpretations. There are only two precedent cases from the Supreme Administrative Court regarding grave professional misconduct, hence the main part of the case law derives from the lower courts. Public procurement as a judicial area is in constant development and a new law is expected to entry into force in April 2016 based on a new directive from the EU. The grounds for exclusions will be altered and there is a Swedish legislative proposal regarding how the rules will be implemented best. Corruption will continue to be a crime, which leads to compulsory exclusion, and derogation is only accepted in exceptional cases. Regarding the optional exclusion grounds, more grounds have been added, which can be of interest when discussing corruption. Self-cleaning will be introduced in the procurement law, which gives an economic operator the possibility to take certain measures to correct former mistakes and make the operator eligible for a procurement. An interesting problem discussed in the essay is the duration of exclusion for an economic operator. Certain guidelines can be found in the case law and the new directive give certain time limits, but there are two different interpretations of these time limits and both will be discussed. The new directive contains certain interesting changes, which in the essay are compared to the Swedish legislative proposal and doctrine.