Collaboration to address a wicked problem : the case of certified palm oil

Sammanfattning: Corporations meet complex challenges as they operate on a global market. Global multidimensional problems are referred to wicked problems and which cannot be solved only managed. In this case, of certified palm oil, palm oil production can be seen as a wicked problem due to deforestation of rainforest, land grabbing and social conflicts. There are also conflicts regarding the value and interest of palm oil. This thesis investigates the Swedish transformation for certified palm oil and how actors in the Swedish food market address this transformation to have certified palm oil in their production. The aim of this thesis is to explain enabling factors to address the governance gap of ethical sourcing in the food industry. A qualitative case study is conducted on important actors that are involved in this transformation. Interviews from each organization were analyzed in comparison with existing literature in the area of corporate social responsibility and collaboration theory. Corporations have great impact on the natural environment, a matter of responsibility has shed light on a gap in governance. Corporations have to regulate their own business but smaller national food producers and retailers are not capable to address ethical sourcing of palm oil by themselves. Collaborative initiatives within the industry and even outside the industry involving external stakeholders i.e. Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) has brought new hopes on resolutions for palm oil production. Findings in this thesis are that collaboration within the industry is of high importance to the transformation of the industry. However industrial collaboration is not a solution, only a part of a resolution. External influence and a from other stakeholders such as NGOs and trade associations are needed when trying to resolve wicked problems. These kinds of collaboration take place in multi-stakeholder networks or initiatives are to prefer to fully understand and be a part of a resolution to wicked problems. Contrary to existing literature it is found that collaborative forms occur in different settings, industrial collaboration or with external stakeholders such as multi-stakeholder collaboration. Often these settings take place in a dialogue between all actors. Finding in this thesis is that both industrial collaboration and multi-stakeholder collaboration if of high importance to address governance gap in ethical sourcing.