Sökning: "In-Kind Benefits"

Hittade 3 uppsatser innehållade orden In-Kind Benefits.

  1. 1. Policy measures to counter rising energy prices: In-kind transfers, cash transfers and VAT rate cuts

    Kandidat-uppsats, Lunds universitet/Nationalekonomiska institutionen

    Författare :Pierre Nilsson; [2022]
    Nyckelord :In-kind transfers; cash transfers; VAT; targeting; Business and Economics;

    Sammanfattning : This paper examines literature on policies used to compensate households for rising energy costs, including in-kind transfers, cash transfers and VAT reductions. It also shows how targeted transfers stand against universal transfers, and how the policy measures affect energy consumption. LÄS MER

  3. 2. Freeconomics in the light of EU VAT Directive : Are free digital services supplied in exchange for personal data VAT taxable?

    Magister-uppsats, Uppsala universitet/Juridiska institutionen

    Författare :Alessandro Sampaoli; [2020]
    Nyckelord :Value Added Tax; EU Vat Directive; supply of digital services; freeconomics; personal data; big data; indirect taxation; vat on free digital services; digital services; barter; consideration in kind; VAT taxable; Facebook; internet-based companies;

    Sammanfattning : The digital economy is growing exponentially. Companies such as Facebook and Instagram base their business model on supplying services completely free of charge to billions of users.  This model of business is called “Freeconomics”. These companies generate huge profits from the exploitation of personal data provided by Users. LÄS MER

  4. 3. Income Inequality, In-Kind Benefits and Economic Growth: Studied Using a Modified Gini Index

    Kandidat-uppsats, Lunds universitet/Nationalekonomiska institutionen

    Författare :Elias Wennberg; [2016]
    Nyckelord :Income Inequality; In-Kind Benefits; Growth; MGINI; Gini; Business and Economics;

    Sammanfattning : A negative long-run relationship between inequality and growth has been found for a variety of inequality measures, but as these measures invariably ignore the pro-poor effect of in-kind redistribution, one may question the reliability of previous studies’ inequality-growth estimates. In this paper, I incorporate in-kind benefits into the Gini index and present new estimates of the inequality-growth impact for the period 1980―2007, in what is believed to be the first inequality-growth study of its kind. LÄS MER