Sentiment analysis as a complementing tool to corporate sustainability assessment : An explorative study

Sammanfattning: Companies play an important role in the process of sustainable development, and thus investors have increased their focus on companies' sustainability-related activities. These activities are often measured through ESG scores, which mostly are based on biased documents reported by the companies themselves. A company can be considered ESG-compliant when looking at the ESG scores, but its underlying sustainability profile is not entirely investigated. Thus, there is a lack of transparency in ESG scores as well as in the process of evaluating companies' sustainability performance. Therefore, this thesis aims to explore the possibilities of incorporating automatic text analysis, specifically sentiment analysis, to analyze news articles. In that way, a broader part of a company's sustainability profile is covered, and potential controversies or other involvements could be detected. To investigate whether sentiment analysis would be useful to increase the transparency an explorative approach was used. Specifically, companies' ESG scores and sentiment scores from news articles were analyzed and compared. A lower sentiment score would reasonably indicate a lower ESG score, and thus indicate transparency in the evaluation method. The study finds a mixed result of positive and negative sentiment scores for each company, within each industry. A lower sentiment score does not necessarily indicate a lower ESG score, and no clear correlation between the scores was found. Interestingly, the study also identifies previous studies which indicate a correlation between the sentiment scores from biased company documents and the ESG scores.The findings strengthen the problem of lack of transparency in ESG scores, and further conclude that sentiment analysis would be useful in the context of identifying negative and positive articles and thus increase the transparency. However, it is also concluded that sentiment analysis cannot ensure that the calculated sentiment score is of relevance to a specific company and its' sustainability-related activities. Therefore, it can only be used as a complementing tool in the evaluation of companies' sustainability performance.