Termiska lager för ångproduktion med koncentrerade solfångarfält : En studie om fasändringsmaterial och dess potential för lagring av värme till fjärrvärmenätet och processånga till industrin

Sammanfattning: All energy, wind, water, biofuel and fossil fuel besides nuclear- and tide power originates from the sun. It’s very hard to take full advantage of the huge amount of energy hitting the earth each day from the sun. The suns highest radiation appears often when the energy need reaches its lowest. That’s why it’s very important to be able to store energy over time when the sun doesn’t shine. A large part of energy storage is thermal energy storage, which can either be done sensible, latent or chemical. Another possible thermal storage is a combination of sensible and latent. This exam was aiming to investigate different types of energy storage methods available on the market and a much more detailed analysis for different storage methods with phase change materials (PCM). A new method was designed for a new storage tank suitable for Absolicon Solar Collector AB and their energy park in the city of Härnösand. The methods for this exam were to create a theoretical storage tank suitable to Absolicons Energy Park with some simple calculations. The criteria for the storage tank was to create a storage tank that could provide the district heat in Härnösand with 160 degrees pressurized water and create 160 degrees steam to the industry. The dimensions of the storage tank where chosen by the conditions in Härnösand and from the specific data of Härnösands district heat and from Absolicons new solar collectors. The work temperature of the system were set to 160 degrees which meant that the storage tank would be able to work in those conditions with high temperature. A suitable phase change material and methods for encapsulation of the phase change material suitable for this system was to be found. Small tests were made with a new type of encapsulation for phase change materials in higher temperature. Simple calculations of two types of storage tanks were made. The first storage tank was made with a PCM from PCM products named A164. This PCM was encapsulated with special bags that could handle temperature up to 200 degrees with surrounding rapeseed oil and a copper loop that handled the heat transfer. The second thank was made with the same PCM and encapsulation but with water glycol surrounding the PCM and two types of heat exchangers for the heat transfer. The results from the first tank were that it didn’t work with the district heat. Because a wrong calculation with the schematic of the system made it impossible to connect into the district heat of Härnösand. The only good thing was that it didn’t need to be pressurized because of the rapeseed oil but the bad heat transfer between oil and water made a pressurized tank of water more profitable. The results from the second tank showed that it could produce 160 °C to the district heat for 2 h and 7 minutes. The schematic connection worked and the tank would in the near future be able to connect into the district heat. The result for the encapsulation showed that the bags were able to stand temperatures up to 190 degrees for a short period of time.