Social infrastructure in new urban areas

Sammanfattning: Social infrastructure is premises or housing for municipally financed and statutory service such as schools, preschools, retirement homes and LSS or other social apartments. They can be built either stand-alone or integrated, where the former is constructed as its own building on a reserved site for the specific purpose, while the latter is an incorporated in space in a building which otherwise is typically intended for ordinary residential housing. Different forms of integrated solutions for social infrastructure have increased in recent years in connection with urban densification, which can bring benefits while at the same time new challenges. Municipalities are responsible for providing social infrastructure, which is ensured by means of regulations in zoning plans. The actual construction of the zoning plan is then usually carried out by private developers, which, in case of the municipally owned land, is done through land allocation agreements. This study intends to provide a picture of which legal regulations, practical applications and future challenges exist for social infrastructure in new urban areas. It is mainly based on the situation that applies in the case of land allocation agreements. A literature study was been done in order to explain legislation, government recommendations and previous research. Then, the qualitative method of semi-structured interviews was used to gain insight into how it is possible in practice to create the conditions needed for social infrastructure in development projects in new urban areas. A total of 4 municipalities and 3 developers operating in Stockholm and the Uppsala area have been interviewed for this purpose. The results of the literature study and interviews show that it is important that the need for the social infrastructure is described in the early stages and followed throughout the entire development process. Preschools are the most common type of social infrastructure and are relevant in nearly all development projects for residential development. Increased integrated solutions for preschools lead to difficulties achieving sufficient outdoor environment, which is considered to be one of the greatest practical and future challenges. Solutions for co-utilization of premises are also considered necessary. Among other things it is apparent from the legal regulations, that municipalities do not usually use their opportunities for easement or 3D property divisions, but rather prefer to rent or let private operators run businesses that include social infrastructure. Public procurement is probably not considered applicable when it comes to solutions for integrated social infrastructure, beyond its application in the adaptation of the premises and their interior. However, there is generally a great de