Vuxna patienters smärthantering vid akut smärta : patienters upplevelser från akutsjukvården

Sammanfattning: Pain is a symptom that occurs in many diseases and in emergency care is a common symptom that affects a patient's psychosocial and physical needs. An accurate assessment of a patient’s pain may be difficult to obtain due to the subjective nature of pain and the patient’s inability to accurately express the pain they are experiencing. Nurses can support their patients’ experience by facilitating an increased understanding of pain and pain management. Therefore, patients’ individual needs revealed in the initial intake should dictate the management and decrease of their pain. The aim of this study was to describe adult patients' acute pain management experiences while in the emergency department. The method used in this study was a literature review with a systematic approach. The searches were performed in the databases PubMed and CINAHL, which after a quality evaluation resulted in 16 articles that were included in the review. These articles were analyzed in an integrated analysis that resulted in two main categories and five subcategories. The results showed two main categories that affected the patient’s pain management and satisfaction. These categories were “Caring encounters” and “Pain management”. The patients appreciated when the nurse’s caring encounters recognized their suffering and showed empathy. This could be achieved, among other things, through sufficient information and inclusion in their care. Another factor that affected the patient's experience was the combination of wait time for pain medication to be administered and communication of the patient’s pain relief expectations. With less time for administration and sufficient communication with the nurse, patients' experience of pain treatment was better. This literature review concludes that how the nurse treats their patient directly impacts the patient’s pain management and satisfaction in regard to their pain experience. Confirmation, information and inclusion were important to the patients. Patients who received some kind of pain treatment experienced higher levels of satisfaction with their pain situation. Patients’ knowledge and information of pain treatment further elevated levels of satisfaction