Kraftvärmens förutsättningar för flexibel elproduktion i Sveriges elsystem - En kvalitativ analys

Sammanfattning: This master thesis aims to investigate if and how Swedish Combined Heat and Power (CHP) plants can increase its flexibility in electricity production. This is examined through a combining analysis of technical, market-oriented and regulatory conditions for Swedish and primarily Skåne CHP plants, excluding autoproducers and industrial plants. Further, Danish CHP experiences are analysed and applied onto Swedish conditions. The method included a literature study and qualitative interviews with representatives from private, public and governmental bodies. The results indicate that the technical conditions in Skåne’s CHP plants vary. Today, plants can already act more flexible, however the market does not provide enough incentives for frequent adjustments in electricity production. To further improve flexibility, more investments in technology are needed. However, due to poor market incentives many CHP owners are pondering on investing in a boiler instead. These investments depend on the profitability of the heat and electricity which is lacking for some plants. CHP plants are closely connected to their district heating market, which strongly influence their operational priorities towards heat. The Energy-only market lacks incentives for certain traits already provided by CHP such as flexibility in power output. Numerous Swedish Energy Regulations affect CHP plants which may lead to overlapping regulations and complex consequences for the market development. Lastly, the profitability of CHP plants could improve by a combined approach to regulations.