Icke-farmakologiska smärtlindringsmetoder till patienter med akut smärta : En litteraturöversikt

Sammanfattning: Background: Acute pain is a globally occurring reason for inpatient suffering and the most common treatment is different forms of analgesics prescribed by doctors. The aim of this study is to identify effects of various non-pharmacological pain relief methods the registered nurse can offer patients with acute pain.   Method: This study is performed as a literature review to examine up to date evidence for non pharmacological pain relief alternatives. The literature search was made in the databases CINAHL, Cochrane and PubMed. A total of ten randomized controlled trial and three quasi experimental studies were included.   Results: When the studies were reviewed significant results were seen for complementary therapies. The results of the included studies showed that complementary therapies, such as cryotherapy, analgesic enhancement, massage, pain dissipation and activity, are effective non-pharmacologic alternatives the registered nurse can offer their patients. Included studies show few negative side effects and could be cost effective. Most of the included methods are easy to use and cost effective, while others are more complicated, expensive and need education to perform.   Conclusion: The study finds that several alternative pain relief methods, available for the registered nurse to offer, give effective relief for inpatients with acute pain. The knowledge of non pharmacological pain relief methods need to be encouraged when training to be a nurse and in the workfield of registered nurses. More research in the area is required to increase the evidence of the methods.