Hur främjas fysisk aktivitet i Sverige? : en tvärsektoriell litteraturanalys

Sammanfattning: Aim: This essay aims to identify and categorize implementation strategies that increase physical activity. This to create a picture of in what ways the efforts of increasing physical activity are done in Sweden. Method: Several literature searches were made during February 2021. Literature was searched on four governmental or institutional websites. The keywords were “physical activity” and “increase physical activity”. Through exclusion of non-relevant titles, a total of 15 publications from five different institutions were included. Through a literary analysis the implementation strategies were categorized into four subject areas; environment and city planning, school and workplace, healthcare, and collaboration between authorities. Results: Strategies that aim to create stimulating environments through city planning have a high feasibility of improving levels of physical activity. Stimulating environments can create long-term results that affect greater portions of the population. School and work places are important places where daily physical activity can be promoted. Through the educational system and the school subject sports and health, students can create a good foundation for a healthy lifestyle. Ensuring that employees have the possibility to be physically active should be in the interest of every employer, since physically active people tend to have less sick leave and have a greater work performance. In regards of physical activity, the Swedish healthcare system work mostly with secondary prevention. Counseling is the recommended method and also the mainly used method for lifestyle changes in healthcare. Counseling together with written information and continuous contact between patient and healthcare professional is proven to be the most effective way to acquire lifestyle changes. Prescripted physical activity is a concept to improve the levels of physical activity of patients and can be issued by different health care professionals. Several instances agree on the need of a coordinating structure that can oversee the work of increasing physical activity. This structure could demand that effective strategies for implementation are being followed, and could be a connection between different stakeholders. Conclusion: The different sectors investigated have wide knowledge of the impact of increasing physical activity. However, statistics and the burden of non-communicable diseases show generally low levels of physical activity in the population. The conclusion of this is that there is a lack of implementing guidelines into concrete measures that are followed in different sectors.