Framtidens användning av reservelverk inom eldistribution : En fallstudie på E.ON Energidistribution

Sammanfattning: Sweden has ambitious climate targets to achieve net zero emissions by 2045. One of the possiblesolutions to achieve this goal is electrification, and electricity use is expected to increase from today's 140 TWh to 170-282 TWh, according to the Swedish Energy Agency's different scenarios. This means that society will become increasingly dependent on electricity, which may also bring problems. For example, society risks being severely affected by disturbances in the power grid, and the cost of power outages will increase. To avoid the consequences of power outages, electricity distribution companies have mobile emergency generators that can be deployed where a power outage has occurred. Thegenerators are often diesel generators using fossil diesel. There are several challenges associated with the use of mobile emergency generators during outages, as they need to be quickly transported to the site of the outage, fuel needs to be available, and they need to be tested regularly to operate correctly. This study has investigated the future use of mobile emergency generators from an electricity distribution company’s perspective. This has been done by examining how the future need for mobile emergency generators in electricity distribution can be expected to change in the future, the technological development of diesel-powered generators, and what fossil-free alternatives are adequate in the short and long term. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of owning, renting and co-owning mobile emergency generators have been studied. The report is primarily aimed at stakeholders who are directly or indirectly involved in the work with mobile emergency generators. The study consists of a case study in which the electricity distribution company E.ON Energidistribution is studied. In addition, a literature review, simple calculations and 10 interviews were conducted with electricity distribution companies, rental companies, manufacturers and public agencies. The results show that the need for mobile emergency generators can be expected to increase slightly in the short term due to instability in the world and the electricity system. Undergrounding has led to fewer power outages and shorter outage times for customers, and there is also a trend towards using mobile emergency generators more for planned outages than unplanned ones. The need for back-up power will most likely never disappear completely, but it is considered reasonable to assume that it will decrease slightly as the power grid improves. Furthermore, the results show that diesel generatorshave evolved significantly in terms of fuel consumption and emissions, as a result of increasingly stringent EU emission requirements, and currently there are no fossil-free alternatives that can compete with diesel generators if only economic factors are taken into account. On the other hand, biofuels such as HVO are believed to play a major role in reducing emissions as it can be used in today's mobile emergency generators without modifications. In the long term, batteries and fuel cells could be a viable option. Batteries are not yet an option as they are too heavy and cannot store enough energy. Fuel cells are believed to have more potential than batteries to replace diesel generators in the future but need further development. Finally, results show advantages and disadvantages of electricity distribution companies owning their mobile power generators, renting generators when needed, and sharing generators between electricity distribution companies. Distribution companies and public agencies see great security in owning the generators themselves, while renters point out that renting the generators has advantages related to their functionality. Sharing generators was by the electricity distribution companies seen as too complicated. In conclusion, this study provides a broad insight into the role and development of mobile emergency generators in electricity distribution and may serve as a basis for further research in this area. Some examples of future research suggested are further investigation of fuel supply and logistics, sustainability of ownership structure and different technologies, and further investigation of rentingmobile emergency generators.