Analysis of the effects from the Mobility Orientation Law on geographical inequalities of mobility and low-carbon mobility in French low-density inter-municipalities

Sammanfattning: The historical concentration of French mobility policies in urban areas has resulted into a high dependence of the private-car system in low density territories. Therefore, and especially in these areas, mobility is now threatened by a double constraint of carbon. This double constraint is due to the need to curb down green-house gases emissions as well as the expected decrease of oil production from European suppliers in the next decades. In order to face these issues, the Mobility Orientation Law (MOL) was promulgated in 2019 in France. Through a case study of Hauts-de-France low-density inter-municipalities,  this master thesis aims to analyse the effects of this law on geographical inequalities of mobility and on low-carbon mobility in low-density territories.  First, this study explores  the different levers brought by the MOL to these areas. From governance, planning, cooperation and financial evolutions to an analysis of the impulsion of mobility concerns in French low density inter-municipalities, this master thesis sheds light on first key elements raised by the law. Then, this study digs into the possible evolutions of the mobility policies in Hauts-de-France low-density inter-municipalities, based on the current situation in experienced territories. Depending on the polarity of the inter-municipalities, different scenarios of mobility policies evolutions are defined. This enables a better comprehension of the estimated effects from the law on geographical inequalities on mobility and on low-carbon mobility in low-density territories. In fact, the MOL brings necessary but insufficient conditions to the reduction of geographical inequalities and Green House Gazes emissions.