På väg mot återanvändning och återvinning av hög kvalitet - En studie över hinder och lösningar för cirkulära materialflöden i bygg- och rivningsbranschen samt hur detta påverkas av implementeringen av PBL 10 kap. 6, 11, 19 §§

Sammanfattning: In Sweden the building sector is responsible for a third of the waste generated yearly, with the exception of mining waste, whilst the building and property sector generates a fifth of the national greenhouse gas emissions. As buildings are getting more and more energy efficient it becomes increasingly important to investigate the climate footprint from the materials themselves. To prevent construction and demolition waste and facilitate re-use and recycling, in accordance with the EU Waste Framework Directive, changes were made in 2020 in the Swedish Planning and Building Act 10 chap. 6, 11, 19 §§, which entailed higher demands on inventory of material in the control plan. The purpose of this thesis was therefore partly to compile obstacles and measures that previously have been rendered important for the adaptation to a circular economy in the construction and demolition industry. Moreover, the purpose was partly to investigate how the law change affects the process of building and demolishing with a focus on circular economy. This was done in order to evaluate how well the law has been implemented and further, to identify appropriate measures to complement the law change and subsequently achieve a more circular flow of materials. Central actors for the implementation of the law change constituted the selection of the survey and interview studies that were made. The results showed that the purpose of the law change had not been fulfilled the way it has been implemented so far. The implementation may improve over time, but there might be a need of a more elaborate supervision of the inventory and waste management from responsible authorities, which would increase the incentives to minimize the waste further. The compilation of obstacles and measures consisted of obstacles and measures of a general nature as well as specific issues for concrete, steel, and wood. The central actors featured in this report were then asked to rate which measures that they deemed most important for the adaptation to a circular economy of the construction and demolition industry. Generally, a consensus was seen between the central actors and literature. The most suggested measures consisted of measures of abstract nature, such as increasing knowledge and awareness, as well as of concrete nature, such as increasing the charge of poorly sorted waste. In summary there is still a considerable amount of work to be done until the construction and demolition industry has become circular. However, because of increased awareness and higher demands from society and legislation, the industry is moving in the right direction – towards re-use and recycling.