Kommuners hantering av skyddsrum vid planläggning och lovgivning

Sammanfattning: The purpose of shelters is to provide protection to the civilian population in case of war. Any new shelters have not been built in Sweden since 2002 but the population has increased. The national defense planning has been resumed because of changes in the security policy situation Europe. War against Sweden cannot be ruled out. According to the 3rd chapter 9 § The Swedish Environmental Code (MB) it is clear that the prioritized areas for the resumed national defense planning are public interests. A prioritized area is the population protection where shelters are an important part. The population protection is also a public interest according to the 2nd chapter 6 § Planning and Building Act (PBL). Hence, shelters are a public interest in a double sense and shall be taken into account during planning and examination of permit. The purpose of the master thesis is to look into the municipal treatment of shelters during planning and examination of permit. The master thesis has examined if there is a need of shelters, if the comprehensive plan mentions shelters, if it is a rule or an exception that shelters are taken into account during planning and examination of permit and if there is an uncertainty about the treatment of shelters during planning and examination of permit, to fulfill the purpose. Three studies have been made to be able to answer the issues: a study of the need of shelters, a study of the comprehensive plan and a survey study. There is a probability that new construction of shelters begins in a near future. The Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency (MSB) has said that shelters to protect 50 000 civilians need to be built. It is important that there are shelters in the areas decided by MSB, the so-called shelter areas. The result shows a need of shelters in almost 30 percent of the areas. If there is a need of shelters and there is a decision to begin new construction of shelters, it is central to take this into account during planning. The study of comprehensive plan’s result shows that only two out of 50 municipalities mention shelters in the comprehensive plan. Regarding both planning and examination of permit 66 percent of shelters are taken into account. The shelters should be preserved, therefore it is important to take the existing shelters into account during examination of permit. During examination of permit shelters are taken into account by, between 59-84 percent of the municipalities, depending on the process. The conclusion is that shelters are not prioritized during planning and examination of permit, even though there is a need. The master thesis shows that municipalities more frequently manage existing shelters and not future ones. The fact that municipalities do not take their responsibility for shelters today, means difficulties when new construction of shelters begins in the future.