Laddstolpar och bonus malus-systemets effekt på andelen elbilar och hybrider i Sverige 2013–2021

Sammanfattning: Global warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions is the greatest threat facing our planet today. The electrification of the transportation sector is an important step in reducing carbon dioxide emissions, as transports make up 30 percent of total carbon dioxide emissions in Sweden. High prices of electric vehicles and lack of access to public charging posts have been hindering factors for the spread of electric vehicles. This paper uses panel data with fixed effects on a municipal level to study how charging post infrastructure has affected ownership rates of electric vehicles and hybrids in Swedish municipalities. We study the time period 2013-2021, a period which has seen a larger number of electric vehicles enter the market than ever before. We also study how the Swedish vehicle tax and subsidy system bonus malus, intended to make it cheaper to buy electric cars and costlier to buy fossil-fueled cars, has impacted the share of newly registered electric and hybrid cars of all newly registered cars per year. The results show that a greater number of public charging posts as well as the bonus malus system have had positive effects on the rate of newly registered electric and hybrid cars in Swedish municipalities. Lower electric and hybrid vehicle prices and higher education levels are also strong determinants of higher newly registered rates of electric vehicles and hybrids. These findings indicate that an improved charging infrastructure and public policies that reduce the cost of electric cars are effective policy instruments and should be continued to be promoted for the goal of achieving a transportation sector with sustainable emission levels.