Jämförelse mellan BKR/BSK och Eurokoders behandling av utmattning i traversbalkar med tillhörande svetsfogar

Sammanfattning: This report has been performed for WSP Construction Design located at Arenavägen 7 in Stockholm. WSP Construction Design is one of the leading departments in Sweden in construction solutions regarding everything from building construction to industrial building. Great competencies regarding steel, wood and concrete constructions are available within the department which is well sought. Crane girders used in the industry are exposed to large loads that vary over time that includes instantaneous lifts and the crane girders movement which lead to the phenomenon fatigue in the crane girder and its ingoing welds. A control of fatigue needs to be performed after a certain lifespan measured in time which in turn is converted to a number of loadcycles. When the number of loadcycles amounts to a greater number the input welds resistance will have been reduced and the rate of utilization thereby increased. This is fatigue. Since long BKR/BSK has handled the design of crane girders with results of satisfactory that even has exceeded the costumers expectations regarding the lifespan. New demands have been set that the BKR/BSK-standard shall be rejected and replaced by the new standard of Europe named Eurocode. The Eurocode-standard is still relatively new and on the brink to replacing BKR/BSK. This opens up for many questions regarding what this transition will mean. One of these issues is what the transition will lead to regarding fatigue. This report intends to explore and clarify any discrepancies that the two different standards BKR/BSK and Eurocode differ in design regarding fatigue in crane girders. The goal of this report is thereby to compare BKR/BSK with Eurocode from a fatigue point of view with the weight of the study on input welds were fatigue clearly arises During the project, differences between BKR/BSK and Eurocode could be identified regarding treatment of fatigue dimensioning. Because of this, much time has been needed to preform calculations according to Eurocode by hand, then analyze the result and ask our internal references at WSP for further guidance. The result this report is showing is clear differences regarding the ingoing welds utilization rates.The utilization rate for the perpendicular weld at the top flange and web was calculated to a much greater value than allowed, which lead to that the chosen crane girder in this report did not reach up to the standards of Eurocode. The report is also showing that lower utilization rates were obtained when compared to the results of the BKR/BSK calculations regarding welds placed at the rail and stiffener. Another major difference that could be detected is how the number of loadcycles is being greatly reduced on a crane girder dimensioned according to BKR/BSK that is being tested according to the Eurocode standards. The report has also showed that the way of dimensioning in Eurocode is complex. Eurocode lacks descriptions regarding how to interpret its ingoing material. This places great demands on constructors that they can handle this standard and that they are being competent in how to use and apply it in a safe way.