Behovsstyrd insamling av matavfall för biogasproduktion i regioner med stor del glesbygd
Sammanfattning: The use of fossil fuels need to decrease, and the management of both societies’ and nature’s resources have to increase. Production of biogas from food- and agricultural waste can aid in achieving both of these goals. The energy as well as the nutrients in waste are utilized through production of biogas. The biogas can then be upgraded to serve as vehicle fuel. Biogas is considered a renewable energy source. Less than 10 % of the households in Sweden’s northern regions sort their waste. Most of the food waste is thrown with the rest of the household waste and a small portion is being composted. The northern regions are characterized by long distances between communities and large rural areas. This study assessed the transportation costs of food waste collection in Swedish regions with large rural areas, as well as the potential amount of biogas as vehicle fuel that can be produced from this. It is most common to produce biogas through co-digestion where different forms of organic matter are treated. Therefore, the potential biogas production from agricultural waste is also included in this study. The combined biogas potential is compared to production- and investment costs from actual biogas plants to investigate under which circumstances biogas production might be profitable in said regions. The study was performed through modelling using the NetLogo software which simulated food waste collection over a year. The different scenarios studied contain food waste collected from various parts of the community: households, restaurants, grocery stores, food industry, and large-scale catering establishments; households, restaurants and grocery stores; or households only. The scenarios also contain two types of garbage trucks, trucks with one or two compartments. Data from two Swedish regions, Dalarna and Västerbotten, were used to give more realistic conditions for the scenarios. The study shows that production of biogas as vehicle fuel in regions with large rural areas can be economically profitable during certain circumstances. The identified circumstances are that food waste needs to be collected from all of the previously mentioned parts of the community; that the investment cost should range between 100 – 150 million SEK; and that the organic matter used for biogas production need to be of good quality. The amount of collected food waste as well as the production cost for biogas differ greatly between municipalities and biogas plants. The results in this study should therefore be regarded with care.
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