Förhandling vid tomträttsavgäldsreglering av kommersiella tomträtter - Med fokus på beräkningsmodell för avgäldsunderlag

Sammanfattning: The objective of a site leasehold is to allow the lessee to occupy a specific plot of land. In return, the lessor imposes an annual ground rent. The ground rent ownership gives the lessor the possibility to capture the increasing in land value. As such, the rent is based on the value of the land multiplied with a percentage that reflects the yield of the land value. It is renegotiated every ten years. The system is associated with several weaknesses. The fact that the level of rent strongly depends on the valuation of land creates a great deal of difficulty. To assess the value of land, the lessor and lessee apply different methods and data, as a result of their variety of economic interests and principals. Therefore, they do not succeed in agreeing on a rent and most cases lead to a litigation. These processes tend to be very costly and time-consuming. The aim of the thesis is to present the problems associated with the site leasehold. The report emphasis the party’s different way of calculating the land value. Afterwards, suggest improvements for the proceeding of rent setting in a way that makes it more efficient. Another objective is to investigate the relationship between an extended building permission and the level of ground rent, in order to determine whether the regulation of ground rent prevents the lessee from going through with a building extension. The paper covers only public leasehold system concerning commercial properties. Furthermore, a study has been carried out in order to analyse the impact of the site leasehold system on the urban development. Four different calculations based on different ways of adjusting the rent to an increased construction right are made. Afterwards, the total profitability of the investment will be put in relation to the invested capital. A conclusion whether the part of the surplus demanded by the lessor has an effect on the implementation of an increasing area will then be made. Furthermore, interviews with experts in the area of study as well as an examination of 8 court cases regarding site leaseholds are included in the conclusion of whether or not the prevailing leasehold system should be considered as satisfying. In conclusion, it can be stated that because of the deficient formulas the final ground rent is based on a negotiation and not on the real land value. Today, there exist no well-functioning formulas that can separate the value of the land from the value of the building in a reliable way. Therefore it gives rise to long and costly litigations. The paper suggests that either by connecting the ground rent to a factor that can be observed right from the real estate market, for example the rent, or by simply determining the ground rent based on negotiating terms a more efficient leasehold system would be reached.