GIS-baserad metod för etablering av centraliserade biogasanläggningar baserad på husdjursgödsel
Sammanfattning: Climate change because of increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is widely recognized and is our times biggest environmental, social and economical threat worldwide. Converting livestock manure into a renewable energy resource such as biogas contributes to lowering greenhouse gases emissions and takes advantage of local energy resources in a sustainable way. Norway has a national goal to produce biogas from 30% of the manure in the country within the next 10 years. Livestock manure has a relatively low energy density and contains large quantities of water, therefore the geographical localization of the biogas plant and the transport logistics are critical factors when planning a centralized biogas plant. In this study a Geographic information system (GIS) based assessment method for mapping biogas potential from livestock manure has been developed with the aim to locate suitable sites for biogas plants from an environmental, social and logistic perspective. The method has been applied to 3 areas within 5 municipalities in Norway. The result shows that from the most suitable site in each area, enough biogas potential can be reached to establish a medium size biogas plant (15-40 Gwh). There are also several farmers in each municipality with enough potential to establish a farm based biogas plant (> 0,5 Gwh). None of the areas have enough biogas potential to establish a large size biogas plant (>100 Gwh). A centralized biogas plant based on the potential in the study areas requires a large amount of farmers to reach a sufficient quantity of substrate. This would results in an intensive an logistically complicated transport. In each area there is a potential for utilization of the produced biogas, and in Sømna all energy used in the road traffic and in houses could be covered by the biogas potential in the municipality.
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