Effektivisering av avvikelsehantering : En fallstudie om avvikelsehantering i ett producerande företag
Sammanfattning: Purpose – The purpose of the study is to investigate how a deviation process can be streamlined and integrated into a manufacturing company’s daily work. Two questions have been created to answer the purpose: How should defective products be handled effectively? How can the deviation process become a natural part of the daily work? Method – The study is formed as a single case study from the case company’s problem. Different methods for data collection have been used, such as; literature review, interviews, observations, document studies and a comparison to another manufacturing company. An understanding of the problem area has been reached through the literature review. Five people with different work roles at the case company were interviewed with the aim to understand the communication picture, obtain a complete image of the daily work and its challenges. Observation has been performed on two occasions, in order to gain insight into the work steps covered by the deviation management. Document studies have been used to create empirical data. Finally, a comparison with another producing company has been drawn out with the intention of gaining insight into how the deviation management is designed in another company. Findings – In order to achieve a more efficient handling of deviations at the case company, three main problems have been identified. The first problem is communication, which includes the lack of a common reporting system, resource shortage, communication between management and employees, as well as between departments. The communication can be improved by implementing a new reporting system, assign an extra employee for the deviation handling and through an increased understanding from the management about the employee’s needs. The second problem is standardized work that deals with the lack of a common working method and work steps for handling deviations. A standardized working method in which both defects and misunderstandings are reduced can be achieved through a systematically designed storage shelf and a new flow chart, which has been developed. The third problem is education that involves difficulties in assessing and reporting defective material. In order to reduce uncertainty about the assessment and reporting of defects in production and to release time for other departments, increased training for employees is required. Implications – The study has drawn attention to a lack of existing theory regarding deviation management. It has been noted that the root cause of the problem is due to more reasons than assumed from the beginning and thus new knowledge has been developed. Companies with similar problems as the case company can apply some of the study's suggestions for action. Limitations – The limitations that are found in the study include confidentiality where the case company has chosen not to be named by the company name and not to disclose certain information. Since the study is a single case study, the generalisability is limited to a certain extent. Keywords – Internal deviation handling, Deviation handling, Defects, Waste, Standardized work, Reporting system, Communication.
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