Hur lägenheter kan utformas för att energieffektivisera bostadssektorn : Ett arbete utfört via simuleringar över bostäders konstruktion och fastighetsteknik för energioptimering

Sammanfattning: Over the past 150 years Sweden's average temperature has gradually increased, which has led to worrying changes in ecosystems and people's livelihoods. To counteract the increase in temperature, the Swedish government has established environmental and energy targets, which entail requirements that homes must reduce their energy use by 50% by 2050 and that Sweden must not contribute with a net zero emission of greenhouse gases until 2045. In 1995, energy use in the household sector accounted for 25% of Sweden's total energy use, and in 2019 the household sector accounted for 22%. Despite a downward trend, more measures should be taken to achieve Sweden's environmental goals by 2050, an alternative are small-scale and energy-efficient homes that follow the passive house and zero energy house models, which contributes to Sweden's energy use and greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. Based on the environmental goals, simulations have been drawn up for how apartments located in Karlstad are to be designed to be more energy efficient during a year according to the passive house model where parameters for the home's climate shell include, solar radiation through windows, heating alternatives, domestic hot water consumption, ventilation systems and internal heating. Based on simulations, the dwellings' energy use has been calculated via an energy prime number expressed in                      from the National Board of Housing, Building and Planning's recommendations which, in addition to the dwelling's parameters, consider geographical location and primary energy. The simulations resulted in an energy use for energy-efficient apartments between 58    and 17   , which meant a reduction based on the National Board of Housing, Building and Planning's recommendations for energy prime numbers for apartment buildings of 75   , and reduced energy use with 46–88% compared with the average energy use in apartment buildings in 2019. The largest measure of energy use is heat recovery in the ventilation system and heating alternatives to counteract transmissions via the climate shell. Thus, the environmental goal of a reduction in the housing sector by 50% is considered possible until 2050 if the right measures are implemented while a reduced energy use contributes to a reduced emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.