Judas - förrädare eller överlämnare? En semantisk studie av verbet παραδίδωμι och verbets påverkan på Judasgestalten

Sammanfattning: The aim of this essay is to investigate if the Judas figure in the Gospel of Mark was a betrayer or a servant, who only wanted to fulfill Jesus’ will, by discussing the significance of παραδίδωμι in these texts, and in relation to Isaiah 53. The question is: in what way is the Judas figure in the Gospel of Mark shaped by the verb παραδίδωμι in Isaiah 53:6 and 53:12 according to LXX (the Septuagint)? To answer this question, I ask the following subquestions: what is the lexical meaning of παραδίδωμι? How was παραδίδωμι used in the Gospel of Mark? How is the Judas figure described in the Gospel of Mark? How was παραδίδωμι used in Isaiah 53:6 and 53:12, according to LXX? What is the connection between παραδίδωμι in Isaiah 53:6 and 53:12, according to LXX, and the Gospel of Mark? By using a sematic method, I analyze the lexical meaning of παραδίδωμι and the context in which the verb was used in the Gospel of Mark and Isaiah 53. As a complement, I use an analysis of syntax and word choice for an analysis of Judas and παραδίδωμι from a perspective of transitivity and collocations. My conclusion is that Judas is one of the twelve, belonging to Jesus’ closest circle. His mission begins on a mountain and ends on a mountain. He gets the mission from Jesus to proclaim, drive out demons, heal, and then he is described as the one who hands over Jesus, which can mean that Judas gets the power of attorney from Jesus to hand him over. Παραδίδωμι lexical meaning is ”hand over”, and it was used to talk about Jesus’ coming suffering and Judas’ act. The verb was also used in the same way in Isaiah 53. The theme that ties Isaiah 53 and the Gospel of the Mark together is the theme of the suffering servant, which will be handed over to death for the sins of others. When Jesus talks about himself he uses a passive form of παραδίδωμι, which means that the agent who handed him over is gone and all focus lies on Jesus. When Judas acts, he is always the agent and παραδίδωμι is not associated with death or suffering. It means Judas is not blamed for his act. Judas is the one who favors Jesus by fulfilling the prophecy of Isaiah 53 and by taking full responsibility.