Metabola syndromet kopplat till fysisk aktivitet och konditionsstatus

Sammanfattning: Abstract   The development and onset of diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and Type 2 diabetes are closely linked to genetics and lifestyle factors including physical activity and diet. A cluster of metabolic disorders called the metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a high-risk factor in developing these diseases. Acording to the International diabetes institute, one fourth of the worlds adult population has MetS. These individuals are twice as likely to die from CVDs compared to individuals without MetS. Physical activity (PA) and exercise has been shown to provide a number of positive effects that are considered to reduce the risk of developing sickness and premature mortality among both men and women of all ages, independent of other risk factors.     Therefore our objective with this litterature-study was to establish the components of MetS, the relationship between PA, cardiorespiratory fitness and MetS, and the effects of exercise on MetS through intervention-studies.   Results: There are several components included in MetS and to be diagnosed with it you have to have at least three of the following: Abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, abnormal glucose levels and/or low levels of HDL cholesterol. Close connections can be found between PA and CRF, and there are strong indications that an increase in PA and/or CRF have positive effects on the various components in MetS. This is supported by numerous intervention-studies with physical exercise targeting metabolic factors included in MetS.   Conclusion: The results indicate that PA and CRF have an important role to play in the prevention and treatment of the various components included in MetS. These variables can also, to some degree, predict the risk of developing MetS.     Key words: Metabolic syndrome, physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, relationship