Bistånd: bilateralt, multilateralt eller NGO - vilket är bäst?

Sammanfattning: This paper assesses the effectiveness of foreign aid in reducing poverty and increasing HDI by analysing three different types of aid; bilateral, multilateral and NGO aid. While there have been several papers that have studied the differences between bilateral and multilateral aid and their effectiveness, such studies have not included NGO aid. In addition, research on what impact foreign aid has on economic growth has been done extensively while less research on the impact of foreign aid on HDI has been conducted. The aim of this study is to extend the research regarding foreign aid. This study uses unbalanced panel data of bilateral aid, multilateral aid and NGO aid flows over the time period 1990 to 2018. The data includes 136 countries and the dependent variables are: i) the poverty gap, ii) HDI and iii) the poverty headcount ratio at 1,90 USD a day. To analyse aid effectiveness of these three types mentioned, their aid allocation preferences have also been examined. The results show that bilateral aid and NGO aid are not mainly concerned with the poverty level of the receiving country, while multilateral aid takes this more into consideration. The impact of bilateral aid and multilateral aid on poverty and HDI is insignificant in all regressions, while NGO aid had some significant results that were found having a negative effect.