THE FIGHT AGAINST CORRUPTION? THE EFFECTIVENESS OF EFFORTS TO MITIGATE GRAND CORRUPTION IN THE HEALTHCARE AND MINING SECTORS IN TANZANIA

Sammanfattning: The efforts to fight against corruption portrayed by international and domestic actors are crucial in addressing measures to alleviate corruption in the mining and healthcare sectors. Several experts in social science research argue that transparency, public awareness, and oversight are practical approaches to fighting corruption in the mining and healthcare sectors when they receive the needed support from a working legal system and strong political will. This research body has provided information on how transparency, public awareness, and oversight are helpful to fight corruption, but principal-agent theory and collective action theory suggest different ideas of how these approaches can work and why they may not work. This thesis applies these theoretical ideas to understand anti-corruption efforts in two sectors: mining and healthcare. The research study was conducted based on a qualitative approach with specific use of interviews and document analysis as a data-gathering method. The research findings indicate that both mining and healthcare sectors have developed openness through online service provision, an effort to increases corruption risk knowledge to the public, expanded corruption reporting mechanisms, and improved auditing tactics that help detect corruption allegations. The mining sector has recently made progress in fighting corruption due to a good legal framework supported by the implementation of the laws. In comparison, the healthcare sector has little progress in fighting grand corruption due to rather minor expansion of controlling mechanisms to detect corrupt allegations, such as camera installation in the public medical stores. There is also little control of forgery documents made to the NHIF sheet by health personnel and external medical owners. The findings have implications for improving effective governance to fight corruption in these sectors by informing us that transparency and public wareness have a practical impact on reducing corruption through oversight. Because effective oversight means the ability to audit and suggest punishment to law violators, and it helps to strengthen enforcement of the law.