Faktorer som påverkar småhuspriserna i Sverige : En kommunal studie för sambandet mellan utvalda nationalekonomiska faktorer och prisutvecklingen på småhus under tidsperioden 1997-2016

Sammanfattning: In line when the society develops, new demands are set to increase the supply of housing. Sweden's population is growing and has increased since the 1750s according to SCB owns calculations. The housing market function has become an increasingly debated subject in recent decades. In 2016, the debate again gained momentum when the Financial Supervisory Authority debated that a stricter amortization requirement was necessary to overcome the sharp rise in housing prices and households' high indebtedness in relation to its income. The purpose of the essay has been to answer the question:  - Estimate the relationship between the economics factors: income, the supply of houses in relation to the population, unemployment, interest rate and an interaction variable have on the housing prices in Sweden during the period 1997–2016. Finally, one can answer which of these factors has the main impact on house prices in Sweden's municipalities. - Further in the essay a more in-depth analysis is made to examine the difference between the municipalities. The purpose is to see if there are any differences between the factors and that may explain the variance in the housing prices. We have used a multiple regression analysis with panel data that includes fixed effect. The study encompasses 288 municipalities with a time period that stretches over 20 years (1997–2016). The study comprises 5 670 observations where the data is strongly balanced, meaning that the database is complete without any loss over the years.  Based on previous studies made by, Leonhard, Karpestam & Hansson (2013), Wilhelmsson (2008) and Claussen, Jonsson & Lagerwall (2011), our results show a uniformity with these. A combination of a low range of housing, higher disposable income and low housing rates are all factors that have consistently influenced rising house prices in Sweden over the past decade. The result of the essay shows a positive correlation between disposable income and housing prices in Sweden's municipalities during the time period, where a 1% increase in income results to 1,592% increasing in house prices, everything else alike (Model 7). The results of this study show that income is the factor that influences house prices to a large extent, amongst all of the factors and that house prices are increasing at a faster pace relative to income. The results also show a negative correlation between the supply quota, the interest rate and the interaction variable for housing prices on the market in all models. Furthermore, the essay is considered to have a high validity as well as contribute to an increased understanding of the relationship between selected national economic factors and its impact on the housing prices in Sweden's municipalities during the period 1997–2016. The essay is also considered to contribute to an increased insight into the housing market's functioning. The reason for this is that the essay is based on observations over a long period of time, the data comes from reliable sources and there is no data loss during the time frame of the essay.