Omvårdnadsåtgärder för att minska kirurgpatientens preoperativa oro

Sammanfattning: Background/Problem: Preoperative anxiety is common with patients undergoing surgery. The anxiety may be associated with severe postoperative complications which are costly and sometimes life threatening. It is therefore necessary to investigate what kind of interventions could be valid and effective to prevent or treat preoperative anxiety. Aim: This study aims to describe the nursing care interventions that proves to prevent and/or relieve preoperative anxiety within surgical patients. Method: A literature search was made within PubMed and Cinhal databases. Both randomised controlled studies (RCT) and Quasi-experimental studies were included. A total of 388 articles were screened and 13 articles included in the study. Results: All interventions had a significant lowering effect on the preoperative anxiety within surgical patients but in different levels. Relaxation exercises showed the most effective to lower the preoperative anxiety. Thereafter nature sounds and acupressure showed to have a similar lowering effect. Calm music generally showed a moderate effect. Acupuncture, information and education showed a similar varying low effect. Conclusion: Interventions like relaxation exercises, listening to nature sounds, acupressure, acupuncture, listening to music, giving information and education can all be valid and effective nursing care interventions which can easily be used and implemented by nurses in the preoperative care.