Grenzkataster - En studie av det koordinatbaserade fastighetssystemet i Österrike

Sammanfattning: Today there is a constant technical development in the society, and the use of GPS devices and various positioning applications is growing. Lantmäteriet, the Swedish mapping, cadastral and land registration authority, is now about to initiate a pilot project on how a coordinate based cadastral system could work in Sweden. The overall purpose of introducing this type of system in Sweden is to create an accurate and reliable cadastral map. The idea is that the new system should be able to match the technical development in society and provide the high quality geodata that the users demand. The aim of this MSc study is to describe and present pros and cons of the Austrian coordinate based cadastre called Grenzkataster. Since 1969 there are two different parts of the cadastre in Austria, the traditional Grundsteuerkataster and the coordinate based Grenzkataster. The purpose of the introduction of Grenzkataster was to make property boundaries legally defined by coordinates, which should make them of higher quality with regard to accuracy etc. One key purpose was that this would lead to fewer boundary disputes over time. Even though there are positive effects with registration of land parcels in Grenzkataster, only 16 % of the parcels in Austria are transferred into the system to date. One reason for this is that, in many cases, the initiative has to come from the property owners themselves. Due to lack of information and clear incentives, the knowledge about Grenzkataster is still low among this group, which makes it difficult for them to see the positive effects that the system entails. It is also possible to find drawbacks with Grenzkataster and other coordinate based systems. The natural movement of the ground is the most significant problem. The purpose of introducing a coordinate based property system in Sweden clearly differs from the purpose Austria had when introducing their system. Even though Grenzkataster fulfils the Austrian purpose rather well, a similar gradual methodology would not result in the broad effects requested in Sweden. In theory, all properties must have detailed and accurate boundaries for the Swedish purpose to be fulfilled. Hence, the future system in Sweden needs to be designed and implemented in a different way.