En jämförelse av energiåtgång och emissioner för olika persontransportslösningar i Stockholm stad

Sammanfattning: This master thesis sets out to compare the different public transport modes in Stockholm city. Both energy consumption and air pollution are compared. The chosen transport methods are car, bus and metro. Traditionally the rail industry has had environmental arguments as a strong competitive advantage when it comes to passenger transportation. However, in recent years the automotive industry has been getting more positive media attention regarding environmental issues, for example Roger Kemp’s statement that the car is the most environmental friendly passenger transportation mode in the UK. This study will show the environmental advantages of railway traffic in cities. The energy sources of the world are not endless and the use of the different sources affects the environment in different ways. Therefore it is of highest importance to be able to choose the most environmentally sound alternative in the long run. The Metros results were the best in all categories except for CO 2 were the biogas bus had the best results, though the Metro came in on a strong second place. One surprising result was that the metro based on the worst-case scenario (marginal electricity) had such good results. It had one result that was the highest of them all, SO x . In the overall standings (cost for the society, sek/pkm) though it was only beaten by the other electricity mixes for the metro. One of the most interesting parts to look at is the comparison of the different travel scenarios set up in this report. They clearly point out that in most cases the metro is not only the most environmentally sound alternative but also a good alternative if you consider the travel time. This is clearly visible in the comparisons where the costs for the society have been analyzed as well. The results of these costs show that it would be a very good investment for the society to focus on getting the citizens of Stockholm to choose the metro more frequently. This would help to lower the average amount of energy used per person on travel as well as lowering the amounts of air pollution. It would also further help to increase the production of environmentally friendly electricity due to the fact that SL only buys electricity produced by hydro and wind power. Also by increasing the load factor on both buses and the metro these transport methods could be even more effective. The average load factor for the metro is 40 % so the metro also has a high potential to become even more energy sufficient. When examining the data it clearly points out that it is always better to choose the metro, when it is fuelled by electricity, than the car that is for the most part fuelled by petrol or diesel. Even when the metro is forced to use the marginal electricity production (coal condensing power) it possesses a far less impact on the health and the environment than the car. The diesel driven car is more than 32 times as expensive for the society as the metro and the petrol car more than 15 times as expensive. This thesis shows that the rail industry can still use environmental argument as a strong competitive advantage when it comes to passenger transportation in Stockholm city.