Are gingivitis, periodontitis and peri- implantitis associated with autoantibodies- A litterature review

Sammanfattning: Introduction: Periodontal disease is one of the most common inflammatory diseases in the world. A possible autoimmune aspect behind the local tissue destruction in periodontal disease, as a result of the invasion of oral pathogens over time has been reported in previous studies, but the correlation is yet unclear. Purpose: The aim of this literature review was to shed light on the topic if autoantibodies and autoimmune reactions are associated with gingivitis, periodontitis or peri-implantitis and the progression of these inflammatory diseases. Material and methods: A search in the Pubmed database was done resulting in 138 hits. To follow a systematic approach for selecting the studies to include, we used predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria Results: 26 articles studying a broad variety of different autoantibodies was included for this literature review. A vast majority of the included studies were of case-control design and, because of the broad variety and different variables and data, we decided that a meta-analysis could not be performed. Conclusion: Many studies where results could be compared due to similar comparisons, regarding the incidence of periodontal disease and the prevalence of certain autoantibodies, showed opposite results which makes it hard to reach a conclusion. The main part of the included studies were of small size and therefore more comparable studies are needed to clarify the possible association between periodontal disease and an autoimmune reaction mediated by autoantibodies.