Möjligheter att bygga bostäder med stora glasytor utifrån framtida krav på energihushållning

Sammanfattning: In Sweden the sector of housing and service stands för one third of the total energy consumption. Where the heating stands for 60 % of that third. The European union has set a goal on lowering the energy consumption with more energy efficient solutions. To reach this goal Sweden has set a requirement from the start of year 2020 that every new built building should be built by the principles of a near-zeroeneryhouse, where the requirements has not been fully set yet, but will be based on the energy efficient buildings of today.   In modern design the use of glass in roofs and facades of buildings has increased to let the daylight in, which leads to worse thermal comfort and increased cooling and/or heating demand. The intention with this study was to examine how much the glass part of the facade effects the heating requirements of an apartment building, with the goal to calculate the heating demand in kWh/m2 and year and the primary energy number in kWh/m2 and year. A dynamic simulation model was built of two different types of apartments of a building placed in Karlstad. One centered in the building and one on the top-corner of the building, where the energy flows was of heat from the ones living in the apartment, household electricity, ventilation, transmission through walls, roof and windows, airing and insolation depending on the apartments placement. Different cases were applied on the apartment to calculate the results with different types of ventilation, window areas and extra isolation and so on.   The investigation mainly shows that the size of the window area has the biggest impact on the apartment if facing south where the need of airing and cooling gets considerably higher and therefor gives an effect on the residence primary energy number. A limited window area would not be enough to meet future requirements on rational use of energy, but also other efficiency factors has a big impact such as demand controlled ventilation with heat recovery which applices on the apartment facing either north or south.