The Effects of Working Capital Management on Firm Profitability : A study examining the impacts of different company characteristics

Sammanfattning: Many argue that there is a trade off between profitability and liquidity. However, many studies have found that the profitability can increase with an efficient Working Capital Management. Correctly allocating cash flows to where and when it is needed increases liquidity and simultaneously increasing profitability. The purpose of this study is to develop the research on the relationship between Working Capital Management and profitability by investigating how it is affected by different company characteristics. A quantitative method was applied with philosophical stances in objectivism and positivism and deductive theory was used to approach the subject. From the theoretical framework, five hypotheses were established and statistically tested in order to answer our research question. The first hypothesis was formulated to confirm previous research, while the remaining two aimed at providing both a theoretical and practical contribution to existing knowledge. The thesis centers on the Cash Conversion Cycle, a metric of how fast a company turns purchased products into profit, with Gross Profit Margin as the measure of profitability. The data analyzed is financial information from 2012, collected from a secondary source, Business Retriever database. In order to fulfill the purpose, hypotheses were tested. The first centered in previous research of the subject, while two were introduced based on research of company characteristics. This was tested in a cross-sectional study on the Swedish wholesale industry, covering a sample of 1,485 companies. The companies were segmented by size and whether they were listed or not. By using correlation and regression analyses, the relationship between Working Capital Management and profitability is compared between the different company groups. The conclusion drawn from the study is that there is a positive relationship between the Cash Conversion Cycle and profitability, inconsistent with previous research. However, strong significant results indicated that smaller firms are returning a higher profit, regardless the level of Cash Conversion Cycle. No difference was found in the sensitivity to changes in Working Capital Management strategies. This was true also for non-listed firms, although they were performing worse than listed firms in accordance to the theory presented. The foremost conclusion from the analysis is the weak explanatory power of the Cash Conversion Cycle on Gross Profit Margin. A debate is therefore included, discussing the possibility of lurking variables influencing the results. Keywords: Working Capital Management, Cash Conversion Cycle, Profitability, size, public, private, trade credit, wholesale industry, Sweden