Parallelltak med mekanisk ventilation : En jämförelse mellan mekanisk och naturlig ventilation

Sammanfattning: To build and conserve the moisture proof roof constructions is a central problem in the building industry. Outdoor ventilated roof constructions is considered to be a riskful construction that can be burdened with moist damages. It is problematic to build parallel roof with low energy consumption that are resistant to moist. New demands of energy efficient buildings has contributed to an increased amount of insulation in roof constructions. Well insulated roof constructions in combinations with moist and cold winters is the main cause to the current moisture problematic in Sweden. High relative humidity in air gap and high moisture in materials increases the risk for mold growth. The winter is a critical period of time due to outside air containing high amount of moisture that can be harmful for roof constructions that are ventilated by outside air. Organic materials like wood is sustained a risk for mold growth by a relative humidity of 75%. Duration and a favorable temperature are also required for mold growth to take place. Parallel roofing usually consists of wood materials that can be attacked by mold at favorable conditions. Tongue and groove and battens have a position close to the outer layers in a parallel roofing that contributes to them being exposed to mold growth that should be especially consider. There is a large need for technical solutions to be able to handle the current moist problems in Swedish constructions. Mechanical ventilation is one of the technical solutions that is controlled by sensors that regulates the ventilations in roof constructions air gap. The mechanical ventilation is controlled by sensors and fans. Sensors measure and compares the current temperature and vapour content of the outside air and the air in the air gap. At appropriate conditions the ventilation activates and at inappropriate conditions the ventilation is limited. This report is focused on comparing outdoor ventilated parallel roofing to mechanical ventilated parallel roofing. This report studies an existing building outside Norrtälje with parallel roofing. This system is equipped with sensors that logs the temperatures, relative humidity and moisture on the tongue and groove and battens in the air gaps in both the part of the roof that is mechanically ventilated and outdoor ventilated. The collected data have been analyzed in a risk analysis and a mold analysis. The risk analysis compares data from 2 or more measuring points to be able to analyze the difference in result. The mold analysis consists of a simulation in the program: WUFI Bio and delivers an index of calculated mold growth per year. This study indicates that roof constructions with outdoor ventilation runs a big risk of mold growth during the winter season. The mechanically ventilated roof construction shows a trend that reduces the risk of mold growth in all orientations and in the ridge. The measuring points with southern orientations shows a trend that, of a mechanically ventilated roof, will reduces mold growth in a higher degree compared to the other orientations. Even though the reduced effect of mold growth in mechanically ventilated roof constructions the results indicates a result where mold growths on tongue and groove and battens. Although the risk is not as extensive as in naturally ventilated roofs.