Förutsättningar för elektrifierade lastbilar med eHighway inom svensk gruvindustri : En jämförelse av olika transportslag mellan Mertainen och Svappavaara

Sammanfattning: The Swedish government has a goal of achieving a fossil-free vehicle fleet in 2030. Heavy transport constitutes a significant part of Sweden's transportation sector and the vehicles are driven almost exclusively by fossil fuels. Siemens has developed eHighway, a concept for electric road systems enabling electrification of trucks, in order to reduce the environmental impact of heavy transports. This study aims to investigate the potential that eHighway has on transporting iron ore from the mine of Mertainen to a processing plant in Svappavaara. Electrified trucks are compared with conventional trucks, and diesel and electric trains. The evaluation was made with respect to energy consumption, environmental impact, and cost. The study also aimed to investigate whether simple standard figures are sufficient to determine which way of transport that is the most suitable. The study does not account for energy consumption from idle or from the loading and unloading of the vehicle. Thus, the study takes no account of logistical advantages and disadvantages. The results show that energy consumption is lowest for the cases with eHighway, where an electric 90 ton truck consumes 0.56 kWh per tonne of iron ore transported. The same value for the 60 tonne truck is 0.72 kWh. Hence, the environmental impact from eHighway is the lowest of the transport options studied. eHighway with the 90 tonne truck has emissions of 0.06 kg CO2 equivalents per tonne of iron ore transported. For eHighway with the 60 tonne truck the equivalent figure is 0.08 kg CO2 equivalents. From a cost point of view, the train options are the most favorable. The cost of the electrified locomotive, where mining trucks are running a subsection of the distance, is 4.57 SEK per tonne of iron ore transported. The corresponding cost for the diesel-powered locomotive is 7.47 SEK per tonne of iron ore transported. The cost of transporting one tonne of iron ore with eHighway is 9.31 SEK and 12.5 SEK, for the 90 tonne truck and 60 tonne truck, respectively. eHighway would be the most profitable transport solution, if two of the three factors are to be combined; 100% increase in base price of diesel, 50% subsidy of the electrical road system and if the amount of iron ore transported from Mertainen increases by 100%. The study is based on simple standard figures. For the comparison to be accurate further calculations and simulations are suggested. It is recommended that a complete logistics schedule is made together with the mining company or a hauling company that performs mining transports.