“Different is not wrong, it’s just an entry point for new knowledge” Knowledge diplomacy as a two-way process: A case study of the South Africa Sweden University Forum (SASUF)

Sammanfattning: The significance and impact of IHERI on international relations is gaining recognition, yet this crucial aspect remains remarkably understudied. This study aims to explore the relations, processes and patterns of IHERI on bilateral relations and development cooperation between South Africa and Sweden. Primary quantitative and qualitative data was collected through a mixed methods approach encompassing an online survey followed by seven semi-structured follow-up interviews with South Africa Sweden University Forum (SASUF) members, and analyzed through the concept of Knowledge Diplomacy and Systems Theory. The findings show that IHERI facilitates the exchange of knowledge, expertise, and innovative ideas between and among South African and Swedish actors and partners. This contributes to the mutual development of capacities in both countries, which can facilitate joint strategies in addressing ongoing development challenges such as the SDGs. The application of systems theory reveals knowledge diplomacy as a two-way process is exercised through the five elements interacting within the system as well as the global system. Overall, cultural exchange plays a critical role in knowledge diplomacy as a two-way process, facilitating the contribution IHERI can make to strengthening IR and the role of IR in enhancing IHERI by bringing different actors and partners into horizontal collaborations.