Artificiell Intelligens i AEC-industrin : Hur kan det implementeras för att bidra till ett effektivt och produktivt byggprojekt?

Sammanfattning: For a long-term period, the construction industry has been challenged by low growth rate performance, with strong relationships between reduced productivity, inefficient processes, and low level of digitalization. The industry is an important part of the development of society and generates considerable economic values that motivate change, by utilizing the forces of digitalization to a greater extent. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a technology in today's digital revolution that has received a lot of media attention about its capabilities and how it can be implemented to create a higher degree of efficiency. In the construction industry, AI is a relatively new concept that is predicted to have great potential to challenge the conventional construction process to promote a more efficient and productive construction project. The aim of the study is to increase knowledge about AI, its potential and to develop a guideline for implementing AI. The study applied a qualitative research approach where qualitative data was analyzed. Data collection techniques for the study consisted of literature review consisting of book, reports and articles to create the theoretical framework of the topic. A comprehensive interview study was conducted with individuals in three different segments; Construction companies, consulting companies and academia to be able to cover the questions of the study. The results of the study indicate that AI is applied to a limited extent in the Swedish construction industry. However, the potential is considered high in many of the different phases and processes of the construction process, where the greatest extraction can be obtained in early stages and during the actual project management phase. Guidance of the implementation and its key factors is reinforced by the identification of the challenges that, according to the interviews and theory, can be found in both external and internal factors. Furthermore, AI technology requires investment and challenges the structure of the industry in terms of collaboration and data collection. Today's fragmented industry and the unwillingness to share data requires updated business models to achieve the expected impact that AI may generate. Implementation in construction projects often remains in test environments and, according to the study, struggles to scale up. Lack of knowledge about AI and low willingness to invest are identified as two reasons. An implementation of AI differs from "traditional" digitization since the technology is more closely connected to the business strategy and not only a technological issue. A knowledge boost within company management is crucial for an implementation to be strategic and incorporate the company's business strategy. The analysis further indicated that sector-wide initiatives are required to ensure that AI can be applied throughout the construction process. From the results and the subsequent analysis, there is a strong interest in AI and how itcan be applied. An increased utilization and investment in the technology can provide competitive advantages and consequently there is a risk that more activities will occur than what has been identified in the study. The result is in alignment with previous research but also indicates that Sweden as a country is generally behind in the development of AI. Further research and more use cases of AI are necessary to increase knowledge in the industry and to motivate companies participating in a construction project to increase their willingness to invest.