Vehicle to Building in Nanna : A case study on a parking garage in Umeå, Sweden

Sammanfattning: With vehicles being stationed in parking garages, at home or in the streets 95% of the time, there is potential for utilising the batteries of electric vehicles as energy storage. When electric vehicles are utilised for peak shaving and peak or load optimisation in buildings it is called vehicle to building. Vehicle to building utilises the same technique as vehicle to grid, where the vehicles instead supplies system services to the grid owner. In this thesis, the potential for vehicle to building was evaluated on a case study in Umeå. The building is a public parking garage with 525 parking spots spread over 10 stories. The owner of the building is planning on installing solar panels on the roof of the parking garage, an estimation of the production of said solar panels is included in this thesis. Simulations was made based on historical data from the building with the use of an optimisation and energy management system called OPTIMAX. Four different scenarios were created with one having only the solar panels and the last three scenarios with the solar panels and both Vehicle to Building and OPTIMAX implemented. The results from the simulations showed that energy cost savings, peak shaving and some peak shifting could be achieved. The maximum energy cost savings that were seen from the results was 18% compared to the historical data. It was further concluded that the self-consumption from the planned solar panels needs to be low in the first scenario, where there is no energy storage system, for vehicle to building to have potential of being financially feasible. With vehicle to building being a new technology, the cost of the specific charging infrastructure needed is high which means that it needs to mature to become financially feasible, at least in the setting of the case study of this thesis. There is an increase of car manufacturers producing electric vehicles with the technical aspects in place for this technique to be possible, which will, most likely reduce the cost of said charging infrastructure and in the near future it is likely that the technique will show financial feasibility.