Stålbalkars bärförmåga vid intryckning - orsakad av lokal momentbelastning

Sammanfattning: This master thesis deals with steel girders subjected to patch loading caused by concentrated moments. There exist no good methods to calculate by hand the ultimate resistance for this load case. In “tunnplåtshandboken”, (Handbook for sheet metal, which is published by SSAB), one calculation method is presented. It’s however fairly difficult to use, because of many calculation steps and many graphs. This study concentrates on how to calculate the resistance for this load case in a better way. The load case arises for example when a small steel plate (attachment) is welded to the flange above the web of a girder and the attachment is pulled in a direction parallel to the beam. It’s possible view the load as two components, a moment and a horizontal load. The moment will push the attachment into the girder and finally yielding in combination with web buckling will govern the ultimate resistance. In this report, only the moment part of the load is studied. This study was made in three steps. First an FE-model was built. This model was verified against physical tests on patch loading from a force acting perpendicular to the beam axis. This approach was taken because no tests were found for the load case with a local moment. As step number two the FE-model was numerically adjusted to work for tests with patch loading caused by a local moment. A number of experiments were made, for which two parameters were varied, the thickness of the web and the length of the attachment. The loaded attachment was made very stiff, because it should not be deformed in order to simulate a sharp concentrated moment. In the last step a hand calculation model was developed for the investigated load case. The FE-model that was created for comparison to the physical experiments gave resistances 10 % below the resistances, from the physical tests. This was mainly due to the sensitivity of the girder to initial imperfections and that the most severe buckling mode was used in the modeling of the imperfections. The handcalculation model was developed to imitate the one for patch loading in EN 1993-1- 5 (EC3), because it may then work as an addition to EC3. The model was developed in three steps: yield resistance, critical elastic buckling load and the resistance function. The model for yield resistance is analytical and has a form equivalent to the one in EC3. The expressions for the critical elastic buckling load were taken as simple as possible, since they are the main area of this study. The method essentially uses the same equations as EC3 except from two small changes. The results are on the safe side but the safety margin increases when the length of the loaded attachment decreases and the slenderness of the web panel increase. Consequently formulas for calculating the critical load may be improved. The chosen reduction function was slightly increased compared to the function in EC3 but the results will still have a good safety margin. The complete model gives results where the safety margin increases as the length of the loaded attachment decreases. The calculation model was designed to be easy to use. In comparison to the FE-analysis, all the tested beams except a few with low slenderness gave results on the safe side.