Policy and regulation options for new and emerging offshore wind markets

Sammanfattning: This thesis addresses the need for policy and regulatory frameworks to support the sustainable growth of the offshore wind industry in new and emerging markets. The global need for clean and renewable energy is driving the emergence of offshore wind energy as a viable solution to achieve net-zero emissions goals. The offshore wind market has experienced significant growth, with a current installed capacity of 54.9 GW in 19 countries. However, new and emerging markets face challenges in establishing suitable policy and regulatory frameworks to support OW development. Policy targets and instruments play a crucial role in converting OW potential into electricity generation. This study identifies a research gap in literature for policy and regulatory frameworks for new and emerging markets, and thus, the research proposes a comprehensive set of policy and regulation options derived from the findings. The research methodology includes a systematic literature review, case studies of well-established offshore wind markets (United Kingdom, Germany, and Denmark), and experts’ interviews from government agencies and industry players, ensuring a robust and holistic approach to meet the research objectives. Findings for policy options emphasize the importance of clear targets and vision, stable support mechanisms, indirect industry support, and other policy tools. New and emerging markets should establish ambitious offshore wind targets with specific timelines and develop a long-term vision and strategy with a predicatble pipeline of projects. Direct support mechanisms, tailored to market conditions, provide certainty for investors. Indirect support mechanisms, such as local content requirements and investment in research and development, foster industry growth. Regulatory considerations highlight that transparent and streamlined procedures for leasing and licensing, along with simplified and integrated processes, are crucial. Inclusiveness through public consultation and improved information dissemination promotes transparency and engagement. Strategic planning approaches, including marine spatial planning and seabed management, minimize environmental impact and ensure efficient grid connection.