Energilagring för distribuerad produktion av solcellsel : Energilagringstekniker som kan öka nätets acceptansnivå för distribuerad produktion

Sammanfattning: In a future situation with a large implementation of photo voltaic (PV) in the local distribution grid one expects voltage and current related problems to occur due to the large portion of excess electricity from the PV fed into the grid. In this study it was concluded, based on experiences from Germany and Italy, that energy storages are assumed to be beneficial in order to address these problems. The location of storages needs to be distributed among the low voltage grid (400 V) to be able to reduce excess produced electricity from PV as well as deliver peak reducing power (“peak shaving”). This suggests that large scale techniques are not suitable for this purpose since they will be dependent on transmission bottle necks. The energy storages would be most efficient if set up as a combination of a local storage, at the end consumer, and an aggregated storage distributed within the low voltage grid. Techniques suggested are advanced gel-based lead silicon batteries for rapid power response and fuel cell systems with separate electrolysis unit for bulk storage. Thus the systems can divide the needed amount of energy to store in a more efficient way. This suggests that a business model could be a leasing or rental based system where the end consumer subscribes for the technique and services. The major benefits from the energy storage was found to be reduced power flows in the grid (both load- and production wise) as well as reduced volatility in the system. Furthermore, the energy storage would be able to serve as back-up or black start source (also referred to as “cold start” in case of power outages), as well as offering filtering services for reduction of noise and harmonics. Since the major benefits are of systemic nature the most likely actor to gain from energy storages would be distribution system operators (DSO). Therefore the Swedish regulations needs to be adjusted so DSO’s are allowed to, firstly, include the costs for energy storages and, secondly, deliver energy from energy storages without being considered as producers.