Hushålls- och företagskunders potential till laststyrning i Umeå Energis elnät : En förstudie till projektet Elnätstariffer.

Sammanfattning: The electric power grid is facing immense changes, the production of intermittent electricity is increasing at the same time as a big part of todays base load (mostly nuclear power) as well as the power reserve is in the process of being phased out. Due to these changes it is deemed that a larger amount of demand response will be needed in the near future. In order to accomplish this some sort of stimulus is required. Due to this accompanied by new indications from the regulatory authority Energimarknadsinspektionen Umeå Energi Elnät (UEEN) have started a process where they wish to investigate the consequences of abandoning their current pricing method in favor of a peak demand charge tariff. This new pricing method will increase the costumers ability to affect their electricity bill in addition to providing a higher degree of stimulus for demand response. This report is a part of that investigation and aims to quantify the costumers potential as well as the expected willingness for demand response och load shifting in adherence to the potential change in pricing methods. Accordingly. the question formulation for this thesis is as follows: What is the potential for load shifting, and a decreased power demand, due to a behavoiral change by the means of online measuring for households and business costumers in their testgroups respectively? What is the potential for load shifting, and a decreased power demand, by the means of enabling technology such as batteries, load limiting equipment, storage water heater etc.? How large is the economic stimulus for the costumers of UEEN to achieve load shifting by changing their behaviour or invest in enabling technology? A selection of costumers in four different neighbourhoods (a total of 793 costumers) were chosen, and measured data regaring their peak power demand and their monthly electricity consumption were used in the calculations of this thesis. Based on this data and a literature study conclusions regaring the costumers demand response and load shifting potential were drawn.  Out if the 793 costumers included in this study the absolute majority (771 costumers) currently have a fuse corresponding to 16-25 A which is why only the results for these costumers is presented below. According to a theoretical assessment almost all of the costumers included in this study have a possibility to shift a fairly big part of their load. However, according to the literature study, it is reasonable to expect a load shift corresponding to 2-5 % of the costumers peak demand due to behavioural changes as a consequense of online measuring accompanied by a peak demand charge tariff. This would coincide with a load shift of 0,1-0,45 kW per household during the winter season, which, for the majority of costumers, can be translated into an annual saving of 0-200 SEK/household.  With regards to the expected load shift by the means of enabling technology batteries is not considered to, due to its unprofibility, be a solution that constumers can be expected to invest in in the nearby future. The potential load shift as a result of regulating electricity based heating systems however, is considered to be significantly larger and is deemed to amount to 2-5 kW depending on the heating system and its as well as the builidings built-in heat storage capacity. Based on this, some assumptions regarding the constumers heating systems and their current power demand the potential costumer savings is evaluated to 300-750 SEK per year.