Förutsättningar för ökad omställningshastighet till elektrifierade transporter inom godstransportbranschen. : En kvalitativ studie kring adoptionen av elektrifieringslösningar för tunga transporter.

Sammanfattning: In an age where sustainability and reduced carbon dioxide emissions are highly prioritized, the transport sector faces one of its biggest challenges. Namely, reducing the environmental impact of heavy transport. In the search for solutions to make heavy transport more sustainable, electric roads and stationary charged trucks have emerged as promising alternatives. By replacing diesel trucks with electric alternatives, the solutions offer environmental benefits and contribute to Sweden's longer-term ability to achieve its climate goals. Increasing the speed of change is critical to accelerating the implementation of electrification and maximizing its positive effects on the environment and society. Therefore, it is of great interest to investigate the factors that influence the conversion process, as well as identify strategies and measures to promote a faster transition to electrified heavy transports.With this background, this study aims to investigate conditions and challenges for increasing the conversion rate of heavy transports. The study aims to gain a better understanding of the haulage companies' needs and preferences regarding the transition. Through semi-structured interviews with respondents from ten companies with varying needs, the results could be obtained, and several insights into the research question could be obtained. The analysis of the interviews, using Rogers' theory regarding the diffusion of innovation, gave rise to several barriers and driving forces for the change. The conditions that need to be created to increase the speed of the transition have then been based on the barriers and the respondents' answers. The results indicate that the speed of conversion to the electrification solutions in Sweden is controlled by the speed of adoption of the newly introduced technologies. Adoption, in turn, is affected by a series of driving forces and barriers. It is the barriers that prevent haulers from adopting the solutions. For electric roads, it has been established that the solution may be less interesting depending on the type of traffic that a company conducts. There is also uncertainty about whether electric roads will be built. Increased communication efforts by the authorities are required to spread knowledge about electric roads and address the uncertainty of potential users. When it comes to stationary charging, an electrified truck needs to achieve cost neutrality compared to a diesel truck. This can be achieved through financial support for the expansion of the charging infrastructure, subsidies, and financing services such as leasing. An additional prerequisite for increasing the adoption rate is forecasts and guarantees regarding electricity supply and electricity prices in the future. The technology for stationary charging needs to be developed further to meet the varying needs of companies in the market. The needs regarding the technology may differ from one company to another depending on the type of traffic and the goods being delivered. In order to speed up the conversion of the heaviest transports over 60 tons, the vehicles need to have reliable battery capacity. It is also necessary to offer a well-developed charging infrastructure to facilitate the electrification of all three types of transports, namely local, regional, and long-distance transport. Furthermore, knowledge-raising efforts by the authorities are required to counteract uncertainties regarding policies and future solutions. This study suggests initiatives such as the “effektkommissionen” of Region Skåne as a suitable communication channel between the actors involved. The initiative has the potential to address various uncertainties and make the solution more visible to potential users. By creating the proposed conditions, an increased rate of adoption can be achieved, which in turn, leads to Sweden fulfilling its climate goals.