Modeling Melodic Accents in Jazz Solos

Sammanfattning: This thesis looks at how accurately one can model accents in jazz solos, more specifically the sound level. Further understanding the structure of jazz solos can give a way of pedagogically presenting differences within music styles and even between performers. Some studies have tried to model perceived accents in different music styles. In other words, model how listeners perceive some tones as somehow accentuated and more important than others. Other studies have looked at how the sound level correlates to other attributes of the tone. But to our knowledge, no other studies have been made modeling actual accents within jazz solos, nor have other studies had such a big amount of training data. The training data used is a set of 456 solos from the Weimar Jazz Database. This is a database containing tone data and metadata from monophonic solos performed with multiple instruments. The features used for the training algorithms are features obtained from the software Director Musices created at the Royal Institute of Technology in Sweden; features obtained from the software "melfeature" created at the University of Music Franz Liszt Weimar in Germany; and features built upon tone data or solo metadata from the Weimar Jazz Database. A comparison between these is made. Three learning algorithms are used, Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), Support Vector Regression (SVR), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). The first two are simpler regression models while the last is an award-winning tree boosting algorithm. The tests resulted in eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) having the highest accuracy when combining all the available features minus some features that were removed since they did not improve the accuracy. The accuracy was around 27% with a high standard deviation. This tells that there was quite some difference when predicting the different solos, some had an accuracy of about 67% while others did not predict one tone correctly in the entire solo. But as a general model, the accuracy is too low for actual practical use. Either the methods were not the optimal ones or jazz solos differ too much to find a general pattern.