Systemdesign för miljövänliga och kostnadseffektiva reservkraftsystem : Undersökning av alternativa reservkraftsystem för en livsmedelsindustri

Sammanfattning: Backup power is essential to supply important functions in society with electricity in case of a blackout. Today in Sweden most backup generators are based on diesel fuel and seldom used, but they are still associated with bad environmental impact while operating. What if a backup system could be designed to increase its value and at the same time lower the environmental impact? This study has investigated alternative solutions for backup power and applied them on a specific case. A food providing industry with great variations in their load profile (40 - 240 kW) is looking for a backup solution able to supply the industry for 12 h in case of a blackout. The study started off by investigating different techniques and their suitability for providing backup power, such as diesel generators (DG), battery energy storage systems (BESS), micro gas turbines (MGT) and fuel cells (FC). Most suitable to be compared with the traditional diesel solutions in terms of cost, climate and technique was found to be two hybrid systems. The first one a combination of a DG and BESS and the second a combination of a MGT and BESS. The two hybrid systems were primarily dimensioned to a size of 100 kW (DG/MGT) with a 350/350 kWh/kW BESS based on terms and after analyzing the industry's load profile. The two hybrid systems were compared with a 350 kW DG in two aspects over a time frame of 15 years, life cycle costs (LCC) and carbon dioxide emissions. Compared with only DG the result showed a 15% LCC increase and a 26% emission reduction for the hybrid solution with DG + BESS. For MGT + BESS the LCC increase was 30% but the emission reduction was 52%. Included into the LCC analysis is utilization of the BESS for grid services such as peak shaving, arbitrage and grid support which had a major positive economic impact. The LCC results were however sensitive to changes in some parameters such as investment costs and rates. Finally, the study tried to optimize the cost and climate performance of the two hybrid systems. By reducing a few terms, sizing of the systems could be adjusted. This resulted in both hybrid systems being more profitable and climate friendly with a larger DG/MGT and a smaller complementing BESS for peak loads, outperforming the only DG solution.