Inomhusklimat för simulering av hög boendetäthet i flerbostadshus

Sammanfattning: In recent years overcrowding has decreased in European countries, but in Sweden overcrowding has increased, especially in the big cities. There is an ongoing problem in Swedish society regarding overcrowding that needs to be further investigated, and how these accommodations affect the design of the buildings they live in. Today, the indoor climate can be simulated in computer programmes such as WUFI Plus and IDA-ICE with the help of available profiles, which can be used to simulate how the indoor air affects the structure. At most, the available profiles reflect the impact of a household of four people. Since studies where existing profiles are multiplied (upscaled) to correspond to a household with more people do not consider the results reasonable, a need emerged to develop profiles and production diagrams representing households larger than four. The aim of this study is to produce realistic profiles of overcrowded households, including graphs of how much carbon dioxide, moisture and heat they generate on an hourly basis for a typical day. These can later be used in the future to simulate the impact of housing on construction. This report is based on literature studies in different stages. Firstly, a literature study on overcrowding, the size of a typical overcrowded home and how they generally live. This was followed by an investigation into typical behaviors, assets and sources to create a schedule of their activities, including the resulting carbon dioxide, moisture and heat loads. This together creates what is called a persona. The next stage is to conduct a new literature study to produce values for the carbon dioxide, moisture and heat production that occurs through these activities in the personas. The values together with the personas can then create diagrams in Excel that show graphically what the loads look like during a day and creates what is called load profiles. The result of this study was three personas representing different sizes of households. Each household then has four associated load profiles for carbon dioxide, moisture and heat in the form of radiation and convection. The three personas represent weekday households where the members are cohabiting parents with three, four and five children. They live in a 70m2 apartment, leaving between 08.00-16.00, cooks two meals, have a dishwasher and shower at least twice daily. The daily carbon dioxide/moisture/heat production is 1950g/13219g/12836W (summed up effect), for five people, 2293g/14841g/14042W (summed up effect) for six and 2638g/16431g/15384W (summed up effect) for seven. From this study, the importance of using a customized persona and load profile has shown clearly. As the amplified load profiles have high peaks during short time intervals, to then have very low carbon dioxide, moisture and heat generations the rest of the time, being a household with so many members. The customized load profiles have instead a more widespread load and show that load occurs throughout the day.