Hållbar lösning kring kramlor och deras infästning i natursten

Sammanfattning: Cramps have been used throughout the history in masonry constructions. With technological development, the materials and methods have been different in time. This report is an attempt in a structural way; to describe how the use of cramps has been historically and how it can be made today. A comparison is presented with the common most used materials, focusing on durability and environmental sustainability. Among the materials both older, well-tried, and materials that is relatively new on the market is presented. This report has been made in cooperation with Bylero AB, due to their restoration project of Norrsunda church in Märsta. The report is aiming on finding a replacement for lead that historically has been used in conjunction with the cramps. Cramps that before was made by forged steel, are today being replaced with stainless steel. The recommendation is also to replace lead with chemical anchors when cramps are being attached. If possible, remove the cramps and replace it with a construction entirely made of stones.