Efterfrågeflexibilitet av elenergi i svenska småhus : V2H-teknik och byggnadens värmetröghet

Sammanfattning: The aim of the thesis is to investigate the opportunities and limitations that utilizations of Vehicle tohome (V2H) and a buildings thermal inertia has in detached houses with respect to demand flexibility.In the transition phase of energy sources there has to be a compensation to the use of fossil energy tofulfill the energy demand. Along with transition there’s a growing need for smarter way of usingelectricity as the consequences otherwise are likely capacity shortages and increase electricity prices.Results from recent research suggest that private household could contribute to even out the powerpeaks by using household appliances based on demand for electricity. Results from earlier surveyresearches has shown that demand flexibility comes with challenges of household comfort andeconomic incentive. With annual data of electricity use from an area of detached houses, provided by Karlstads EnergiAB, a model has been created in MATLAB and Simulink to simulate scenarios of utilizations of V2Hand thermal inertia of a building. The purpose of the model is to provide answer to the goals of thestudy; proportions of moved electricity when using V2H, proportions of moved electricity whenutilize the building thermal inertia and the economic consequences of them both. The results shows that it is possible to move up to 5000 kWh/year in the V2H model and up to 2800kWh/year in the heating model without a theoretical impact on the comfort. Furthermore, the cost forbought electricity can be reduced up to 11 % in simulations from data of 2017 and up to 20 % fromdata of 2021, which corresponds to 700 and 3000 Swedish crowns (SEK) respectively. As for theheating model the reduced costs of simulations of 2017 were up to 17 % and 34 % in 2021, whichcorresponds to 500 and 2000 SEK respectively. Results from this study suggest that it is possible to move electricity from occasions with high to lowdemand and simultaneously reduce the electricity costs. The results are limited to the assumptionsthat the construction of all houses are identical and has the same heating systems along with a fixedtime of the day when the car is connected to the home. The accuracy of the results could be increasedwith complementary information of these assumptions. An omitted question in this study was whetherdifferent strategies for utilizing the varying electricity price affect the result, which is proposed forfuture research.